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Australia
The world's sixth-largest country by land area occupies an entire continent plus the island of Tasmania, featuring landscapes from tropical rainforests to the vast arid Outback. Sydney and Melbourne are major global cities, while Canberra serves as the purpose-built capital. Australia is a leading exporter of minerals, energy, and agricultural products with exceptionally high living standards.
Major cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth
2024
26.7M
UN
2050
32.5M
UN
2100
43.1M
UN
~2200
49.0M
GPU
~2500
33.0M
GPU
Population26.7M
Fertility (TFR)1.64
Life expectancy84.1
Median age37.8
Infant mortality3.1 per 1,000
Pop. density3/km²
Urbanization87%
Youth share (0-14)18%
Land area7,692,020 km²
LanguageEnglish 79%
ReligionChristian
HDI0.958 (#7)
RegionOceania
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 8.18M | 3.06 | 69.0 | 23.1 | 9.5 | +145K | 1.4% |
| 1955 | 9.21M | 3.27 | 70.2 | 22.4 | 8.8 | +95K | 1.4% |
| 1960 | 10.3M | 3.45 | 70.9 | 22.1 | 8.5 | +86K | 1.4% |
| 1965 | 11.4M | 2.98 | 70.8 | 19.4 | 8.7 | +119K | 1.1% |
| 1970 | 12.6M | 2.86 | 70.7 | 20.4 | 8.9 | +256K | 1.2% |
| 1975 | 13.9M | 2.21 | 72.8 | 17.2 | 7.8 | +25K | 0.9% |
| 1980 | 14.7M | 1.90 | 74.6 | 15.3 | 7.3 | +89K | 0.8% |
| 1985 | 15.8M | 1.90 | 75.4 | 15.4 | 7.4 | +98K | 0.8% |
| 1990 | 17.1M | 1.91 | 77.0 | 15.4 | 6.9 | +100K | 0.8% |
| 1995 | 18.1M | 1.82 | 78.3 | 14.2 | 6.9 | +80K | 0.7% |
| 2000 | 19.1M | 1.76 | 79.6 | 13.0 | 6.8 | +111K | 0.6% |
| 2005 | 20.3M | 1.85 | 81.1 | 13.1 | 6.5 | +131K | 0.7% |
| 2010 | 22.1M | 1.95 | 82.0 | 13.6 | 6.5 | +167K | 0.7% |
| 2015 | 23.9M | 1.80 | 82.6 | 12.8 | 6.6 | +212K | 0.6% |
| 2020 | 25.7M | 1.59 | 83.7 | 11.5 | 6.4 | +44K | 0.5% |
| 2024Now | 26.7M | 1.64 | 84.1 | 11.4 | 6.7 | +139K | 0.5% |
| 2025 | 27.0M | 1.64 | 84.2 | 11.3 | 6.8 | +137K | 0.4% |
| 2030 | 28.2M | 1.64 | 84.9 | 10.6 | 7.2 | +136K | 0.3% |
| 2035 | 29.3M | 1.64 | 85.5 | 10.3 | 7.8 | +145K | 0.2% |
| 2040 | 30.4M | 1.64 | 86.1 | 10.3 | 8.4 | +151K | 0.2% |
| 2045 | 31.4M | 1.64 | 86.7 | 10.4 | 8.8 | +166K | 0.2% |
| 2050 | 32.5M | 1.64 | 87.2 | 10.2 | 9.0 | +170K | 0.1% |
| 2055 | 33.5M | 1.63 | 87.8 | 10.0 | 9.1 | +178K | 0.1% |
| 2060 | 34.6M | 1.63 | 88.4 | 9.9 | 9.1 | +174K | 0.1% |
| 2065 | 35.6M | 1.63 | 88.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 | +182K | 0.1% |
| 2070 | 36.6M | 1.63 | 89.4 | 9.7 | 9.2 | +188K | 0.1% |
| 2075 | 37.7M | 1.63 | 90.0 | 9.8 | 9.3 | +190K | 0.0% |
| 2080 | 38.7M | 1.64 | 90.5 | 9.8 | 9.4 | +195K | 0.0% |
| 2085 | 39.8M | 1.64 | 91.0 | 9.7 | 9.4 | +194K | 0.0% |
| 2090 | 40.9M | 1.64 | 91.6 | 9.6 | 9.1 | +210K | 0.1% |
| 2095 | 42.0M | 1.64 | 92.1 | 9.6 | 8.8 | +191K | 0.1% |
| 2100 | 43.1M | 1.63 | 92.6 | 9.5 | 8.8 | +189K | 0.1% |