← Back to all countries
Belgium
A small but densely populated Western European nation, Belgium is the de facto capital of the European Union, with Brussels hosting major EU institutions and NATO headquarters. The country is divided between Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north and French-speaking Wallonia in the south. Belgium is famous for chocolate, beer, waffles, and its medieval cities like Bruges and Ghent.
Major cities: Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges
2024
11.7M
UN
2050
11.9M
UN
2100
11.1M
UN
~2200
9.0M
GPU
~2500
5.0M
GPU
Population11.7M
Fertility (TFR)1.38
Life expectancy82.3
Median age41.4
Infant mortality3.0 per 1,000
Pop. density386/km²
Urbanization88%
Youth share (0-14)16%
Land area30,494 km²
LanguageDutch
ReligionChristian
HDI0.951 (#10)
RegionEurope
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 8.62M | 2.35 | 66.3 | 16.7 | 12.5 | +5K | 0.4% |
| 1955 | 8.84M | 2.38 | 68.5 | 16.8 | 12.3 | +6K | 0.4% |
| 1960 | 9.10M | 2.53 | 69.6 | 16.9 | 12.5 | +10K | 0.4% |
| 1965 | 9.40M | 2.61 | 70.6 | 16.4 | 12.2 | +18K | 0.4% |
| 1970 | 9.63M | 2.25 | 70.9 | 14.7 | 12.3 | +19K | 0.2% |
| 1975 | 9.75M | 1.75 | 72.0 | 12.2 | 12.2 | +10K | 0.0% |
| 1980 | 9.83M | 1.69 | 73.2 | 12.6 | 11.6 | +11K | 0.1% |
| 1985 | 9.88M | 1.50 | 74.5 | 11.6 | 11.3 | +2K | 0.0% |
| 1990 | 9.96M | 1.63 | 76.1 | 12.4 | 10.5 | +8K | 0.2% |
| 1995 | 10.1M | 1.56 | 76.8 | 11.4 | 10.4 | +2K | 0.1% |
| 2000 | 10.3M | 1.66 | 77.8 | 11.3 | 10.3 | +14K | 0.1% |
| 2005 | 10.5M | 1.75 | 79.1 | 11.3 | 9.9 | +51K | 0.1% |
| 2010 | 10.9M | 1.85 | 80.0 | 11.8 | 9.6 | +105K | 0.2% |
| 2015 | 11.3M | 1.69 | 80.9 | 10.7 | 9.8 | +64K | 0.1% |
| 2020 | 11.5M | 1.57 | 80.8 | 10.0 | 11.0 | +44K | -0.1% |
| 2024Now | 11.7M | 1.38 | 82.3 | 8.6 | 9.8 | +36K | -0.1% |
| 2025 | 11.8M | 1.39 | 82.4 | 8.6 | 9.8 | +32K | -0.1% |
| 2030 | 11.8M | 1.42 | 83.2 | 8.5 | 9.9 | +27K | -0.1% |
| 2035 | 11.9M | 1.44 | 83.9 | 8.7 | 10.3 | +26K | -0.2% |
| 2040 | 11.9M | 1.46 | 84.6 | 9.1 | 10.9 | +25K | -0.2% |
| 2045 | 11.9M | 1.47 | 85.3 | 9.1 | 11.4 | +26K | -0.2% |
| 2050 | 11.9M | 1.49 | 85.9 | 8.8 | 11.9 | +26K | -0.3% |
| 2055 | 11.8M | 1.50 | 86.5 | 8.3 | 12.2 | +26K | -0.4% |
| 2060 | 11.7M | 1.51 | 87.1 | 8.1 | 12.2 | +27K | -0.4% |
| 2065 | 11.6M | 1.51 | 87.6 | 8.2 | 12.1 | +26K | -0.4% |
| 2070 | 11.5M | 1.52 | 88.2 | 8.4 | 12.0 | +25K | -0.4% |
| 2075 | 11.4M | 1.53 | 88.7 | 8.6 | 11.9 | +27K | -0.3% |
| 2080 | 11.4M | 1.54 | 89.3 | 8.5 | 11.9 | +25K | -0.3% |
| 2085 | 11.3M | 1.54 | 89.8 | 8.3 | 11.8 | +26K | -0.3% |
| 2090 | 11.2M | 1.55 | 90.4 | 8.2 | 11.6 | +24K | -0.3% |
| 2095 | 11.1M | 1.55 | 90.9 | 8.2 | 11.6 | +22K | -0.3% |
| 2100 | 11.1M | 1.55 | 91.4 | 8.2 | 11.9 | +22K | -0.4% |