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Bosnia and Herzegovina
A southeastern European country shaped by its position at the cultural crossroads of Western and Eastern civilizations, Bosnia and Herzegovina bears the scars of the brutal 1990s war following Yugoslavia's breakup. The capital Sarajevo, once host to the 1984 Winter Olympics, blends Ottoman mosques, Austro-Hungarian architecture, and communist-era buildings. The country has a complex tripartite governance structure.
Major cities: Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Tuzla, Mostar
2024
3.2M
UN
2050
2.5M
UN
2100
1.4M
UN
~2200
1.0M
GPU
~2500
1.0M
GPU
Population3.2M
Fertility (TFR)1.49
Life expectancy78.0
Median age44.9
Infant mortality5.3 per 1,000
Pop. density62/km²
Urbanization52%
Youth share (0-14)13%
Land area51,200 km²
LanguageBosnian
HDI0.804 (#74)
RegionEurope
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2.69M | 5.07 | 47.3 | 37.6 | 18.8 | -11K | 1.9% |
| 1955 | 2.95M | 4.58 | 53.0 | 38.3 | 15.3 | -5K | 2.3% |
| 1960 | 3.28M | 3.96 | 58.5 | 34.6 | 11.2 | -6K | 2.3% |
| 1965 | 3.56M | 3.53 | 62.2 | 29.3 | 8.8 | -24K | 2.0% |
| 1970 | 3.77M | 2.79 | 64.8 | 22.3 | 7.8 | -21K | 1.4% |
| 1975 | 3.97M | 2.39 | 68.3 | 20.2 | 6.7 | -14K | 1.4% |
| 1980 | 4.15M | 1.98 | 69.6 | 17.4 | 7.1 | -7K | 1.0% |
| 1985 | 4.33M | 1.96 | 70.6 | 17.8 | 7.4 | -11K | 1.0% |
| 1990 | 4.45M | 1.79 | 71.5 | 15.4 | 7.5 | -23K | 0.8% |
| 1995 | 3.72M | 1.67 | 70.2 | 10.7 | 9.1 | +127K | 0.2% |
| 2000 | 4.16M | 1.28 | 75.3 | 10.2 | 7.4 | +8K | 0.3% |
| 2005 | 4.10M | 1.20 | 76.4 | 9.8 | 8.2 | -37K | 0.2% |
| 2010 | 3.81M | 1.26 | 76.8 | 9.5 | 10.0 | -67K | 0.0% |
| 2015 | 3.52M | 1.32 | 77.1 | 8.5 | 11.9 | -34K | -0.3% |
| 2020 | 3.30M | 1.52 | 76.0 | 8.4 | 15.2 | -27K | -0.7% |
| 2024Now | 3.16M | 1.49 | 78.0 | 7.7 | 13.5 | -4K | -0.6% |
| 2025 | 3.14M | 1.50 | 78.2 | 7.7 | 13.6 | -7K | -0.6% |
| 2030 | 3.01M | 1.52 | 79.1 | 7.8 | 14.2 | -5K | -0.6% |
| 2035 | 2.88M | 1.53 | 80.0 | 7.7 | 14.9 | -7K | -0.7% |
| 2040 | 2.75M | 1.55 | 80.9 | 7.6 | 15.8 | -7K | -0.8% |
| 2045 | 2.60M | 1.56 | 81.7 | 7.3 | 16.6 | -4K | -0.9% |
| 2050 | 2.46M | 1.57 | 82.5 | 7.1 | 17.2 | -4K | -1.0% |
| 2055 | 2.31M | 1.58 | 83.2 | 7.1 | 17.6 | -6K | -1.0% |
| 2060 | 2.17M | 1.58 | 83.9 | 7.0 | 17.9 | -4K | -1.1% |
| 2065 | 2.04M | 1.59 | 84.6 | 7.2 | 18.2 | -4K | -1.1% |
| 2070 | 1.92M | 1.59 | 85.2 | 7.2 | 18.5 | -3K | -1.1% |
| 2075 | 1.80M | 1.60 | 85.9 | 7.2 | 18.3 | -3K | -1.1% |
| 2080 | 1.70M | 1.60 | 86.5 | 7.2 | 17.7 | -2K | -1.1% |
| 2085 | 1.60M | 1.60 | 87.1 | 7.1 | 17.1 | -1K | -1.0% |
| 2090 | 1.52M | 1.60 | 87.7 | 7.1 | 16.9 | -1K | -1.0% |
| 2095 | 1.44M | 1.61 | 88.3 | 7.2 | 16.9 | -1K | -1.0% |
| 2100 | 1.37M | 1.61 | 88.8 | 7.2 | 16.8 | -1K | -1.0% |