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Canada
The world's second-largest country by total area stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic. Ottawa is the bilingual capital, while Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are major global cities. Canada combines vast wilderness — boreal forests, prairies, Rocky Mountains, and Arctic tundra — with a highly developed, multicultural, resource-rich economy.
Major cities: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary
2024
39.7M
UN
2050
45.6M
UN
2100
53.6M
UN
~2200
57.0M
GPU
~2500
41.0M
GPU
Population39.7M
Fertility (TFR)1.34
Life expectancy82.7
Median age40.3
Infant mortality4.4 per 1,000
Pop. density5/km²
Urbanization83%
Youth share (0-14)15%
Land area8,788,700 km²
LanguageEnglish 59.3%
ReligionChristian
HDI0.939 (#16)
RegionNorth America
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 13.7M | 3.37 | 68.2 | 26.1 | 9.0 | +60K | 1.7% |
| 1955 | 15.7M | 3.75 | 70.0 | 27.1 | 8.1 | +96K | 1.9% |
| 1960 | 17.9M | 3.82 | 71.0 | 25.8 | 7.7 | +50K | 1.8% |
| 1965 | 19.7M | 3.07 | 71.7 | 20.4 | 7.4 | +112K | 1.3% |
| 1970 | 21.4M | 2.27 | 72.6 | 16.6 | 7.2 | +305K | 0.9% |
| 1975 | 23.1M | 1.80 | 73.4 | 15.1 | 7.2 | +140K | 0.8% |
| 1980 | 24.5M | 1.66 | 75.1 | 14.8 | 7.0 | +123K | 0.8% |
| 1985 | 25.9M | 1.59 | 76.3 | 14.4 | 7.0 | +70K | 0.7% |
| 1990 | 27.8M | 1.70 | 77.4 | 14.5 | 6.9 | +181K | 0.8% |
| 1995 | 29.5M | 1.67 | 78.0 | 12.9 | 7.2 | +142K | 0.6% |
| 2000 | 30.9M | 1.51 | 79.2 | 10.7 | 7.2 | +202K | 0.4% |
| 2005 | 32.4M | 1.57 | 80.1 | 10.6 | 7.2 | +205K | 0.3% |
| 2010 | 34.2M | 1.64 | 81.3 | 11.0 | 7.1 | +225K | 0.4% |
| 2015 | 36.0M | 1.60 | 81.9 | 10.7 | 7.5 | +224K | 0.3% |
| 2020 | 38.2M | 1.41 | 81.7 | 9.5 | 8.2 | +257K | 0.1% |
| 2024Now | 39.7M | 1.34 | 82.7 | 9.1 | 8.1 | +369K | 0.1% |
| 2025 | 40.1M | 1.33 | 82.9 | 9.0 | 8.1 | +326K | 0.1% |
| 2030 | 41.7M | 1.32 | 83.7 | 8.7 | 8.5 | +267K | 0.0% |
| 2035 | 42.9M | 1.34 | 84.4 | 8.6 | 9.1 | +241K | -0.1% |
| 2040 | 44.0M | 1.36 | 85.0 | 8.5 | 9.8 | +245K | -0.1% |
| 2045 | 44.9M | 1.38 | 85.6 | 8.4 | 10.4 | +264K | -0.2% |
| 2050 | 45.6M | 1.39 | 86.2 | 8.3 | 10.8 | +262K | -0.2% |
| 2055 | 46.4M | 1.41 | 86.8 | 8.3 | 10.8 | +261K | -0.3% |
| 2060 | 47.1M | 1.42 | 87.4 | 8.3 | 10.6 | +270K | -0.2% |
| 2065 | 48.0M | 1.44 | 88.0 | 8.3 | 10.4 | +272K | -0.2% |
| 2070 | 48.9M | 1.45 | 88.5 | 8.3 | 10.4 | +267K | -0.2% |
| 2075 | 49.7M | 1.46 | 89.1 | 8.3 | 10.6 | +277K | -0.2% |
| 2080 | 50.4M | 1.47 | 89.6 | 8.3 | 10.8 | +277K | -0.2% |
| 2085 | 51.2M | 1.47 | 90.1 | 8.4 | 10.9 | +275K | -0.3% |
| 2090 | 52.0M | 1.48 | 90.7 | 8.4 | 10.8 | +267K | -0.2% |
| 2095 | 52.7M | 1.49 | 91.2 | 8.4 | 10.6 | +280K | -0.2% |
| 2100 | 53.6M | 1.49 | 91.7 | 8.4 | 10.4 | +282K | -0.2% |