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Ecuador
Straddling the equator on South America's Pacific coast, Ecuador packs extraordinary geographic diversity into a small area: Amazonian rainforest, Andean highlands, coastal lowlands, and the famous Galápagos Islands. The capital Quito, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, sits at 2,850 meters in a valley flanked by volcanoes. Ecuador is the world's largest exporter of bananas.
Major cities: Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Machala
2024
18.1M
UN
2050
21.3M
UN
2100
19.1M
UN
~2200
11.0M
GPU
~2500
3.0M
GPU
Population18.1M
Fertility (TFR)1.81
Life expectancy77.6
Median age28.4
Infant mortality11.1 per 1,000
Pop. density72/km²
Urbanization63%
Youth share (0-14)25%
Land area248,360 km²
LanguageSpanish
ReligionChristian
HDI0.777 (#88)
RegionSouth America
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 3.52M | 6.73 | 48.4 | 45.0 | 19.8 | +0K | 2.5% |
| 1955 | 4.01M | 6.77 | 50.4 | 44.5 | 17.7 | -1K | 2.7% |
| 1960 | 4.59M | 6.72 | 53.4 | 43.7 | 15.3 | -2K | 2.8% |
| 1965 | 5.30M | 6.56 | 56.5 | 42.9 | 13.1 | -1K | 3.0% |
| 1970 | 6.16M | 6.14 | 58.8 | 41.2 | 11.4 | -1K | 3.0% |
| 1975 | 7.12M | 5.43 | 61.1 | 38.2 | 9.8 | -1K | 2.8% |
| 1980 | 8.17M | 4.73 | 63.3 | 35.2 | 8.2 | -1K | 2.7% |
| 1985 | 9.31M | 4.14 | 65.6 | 32.3 | 7.0 | -0K | 2.5% |
| 1990 | 10.5M | 3.68 | 68.4 | 29.9 | 5.8 | -21K | 2.4% |
| 1995 | 11.6M | 3.38 | 71.3 | 27.9 | 5.1 | -45K | 2.3% |
| 2000 | 12.7M | 3.10 | 72.1 | 25.6 | 5.2 | -41K | 2.0% |
| 2005 | 13.8M | 2.80 | 73.9 | 23.3 | 4.9 | -17K | 1.8% |
| 2010 | 15.1M | 2.61 | 75.2 | 21.9 | 4.8 | -8K | 1.7% |
| 2015 | 16.3M | 2.21 | 76.2 | 18.4 | 4.9 | +15K | 1.3% |
| 2020 | 17.5M | 1.97 | 72.0 | 16.4 | 7.5 | -10K | 0.9% |
| 2024Now | 18.1M | 1.81 | 77.6 | 14.8 | 5.2 | -20K | 1.0% |
| 2025 | 18.3M | 1.79 | 77.8 | 14.6 | 5.3 | -17K | 0.9% |
| 2030 | 19.1M | 1.75 | 78.6 | 13.9 | 5.6 | -3K | 0.8% |
| 2035 | 19.8M | 1.72 | 79.5 | 13.1 | 6.0 | -3K | 0.7% |
| 2040 | 20.4M | 1.71 | 80.3 | 12.3 | 6.5 | -3K | 0.6% |
| 2045 | 21.0M | 1.69 | 81.1 | 11.4 | 7.0 | -2K | 0.4% |
| 2050 | 21.3M | 1.68 | 81.9 | 10.7 | 7.6 | -2K | 0.3% |
| 2055 | 21.6M | 1.67 | 82.7 | 10.1 | 8.2 | -2K | 0.2% |
| 2060 | 21.7M | 1.67 | 83.4 | 9.7 | 8.9 | -2K | 0.1% |
| 2065 | 21.7M | 1.66 | 84.0 | 9.3 | 9.7 | -2K | 0.0% |
| 2070 | 21.6M | 1.65 | 84.7 | 9.1 | 10.5 | -2K | -0.1% |
| 2075 | 21.4M | 1.65 | 85.3 | 8.8 | 11.3 | -2K | -0.2% |
| 2080 | 21.1M | 1.65 | 85.9 | 8.6 | 12.1 | -2K | -0.4% |
| 2085 | 20.7M | 1.65 | 86.4 | 8.4 | 12.7 | -2K | -0.4% |
| 2090 | 20.2M | 1.64 | 87.0 | 8.3 | 13.2 | -2K | -0.5% |
| 2095 | 19.6M | 1.65 | 87.5 | 8.2 | 13.6 | -2K | -0.5% |
| 2100 | 19.1M | 1.65 | 88.0 | 8.2 | 13.9 | -2K | -0.6% |