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Eswatini
One of Africa's last absolute monarchies, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) is a small, landlocked kingdom in southern Africa almost entirely surrounded by South Africa. The administrative capital Mbabane and royal capital Lobamba anchor a mountainous terrain. The annual Umhlanga (Reed Dance) ceremony is among Africa's most famous cultural events, and sugar production drives the economy.
Major cities: Mbabane, Manzini, Lobamba, Siteki
2024
1.2M
UN
2050
1.5M
UN
2100
1.3M
UN
~2200
1.0M
GPU
~2500
1.0M
GPU
Population1.2M
Fertility (TFR)2.72
Life expectancy64.3
Median age22.0
Infant mortality43.5 per 1,000
Pop. density72/km²
Urbanization26%
Youth share (0-14)34%
Land area17,200 km²
LanguageEnglish
ReligionChristian
HDI0.695 (#126)
RegionAfrica
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 272K | 6.73 | 43.4 | 50.3 | 21.1 | -1K | 2.9% |
| 1955 | 307K | 6.68 | 44.8 | 48.2 | 19.9 | -1K | 2.8% |
| 1960 | 345K | 6.75 | 46.4 | 47.4 | 18.6 | -2K | 2.9% |
| 1965 | 388K | 6.79 | 48.4 | 47.2 | 17.0 | -2K | 3.0% |
| 1970 | 441K | 6.75 | 51.2 | 49.1 | 15.3 | -3K | 3.4% |
| 1975 | 508K | 6.71 | 54.4 | 50.6 | 13.4 | -4K | 3.7% |
| 1980 | 597K | 6.57 | 58.2 | 49.8 | 11.0 | -3K | 3.9% |
| 1985 | 706K | 6.28 | 61.2 | 46.9 | 8.9 | +2K | 3.8% |
| 1990 | 872K | 5.29 | 61.2 | 40.4 | 7.9 | +7K | 3.2% |
| 1995 | 970K | 4.52 | 55.1 | 34.0 | 10.2 | -3K | 2.4% |
| 2000 | 1.04M | 4.03 | 47.6 | 32.6 | 14.5 | -9K | 1.8% |
| 2005 | 1.08M | 3.70 | 44.0 | 32.5 | 17.8 | -10K | 1.5% |
| 2010 | 1.11M | 3.37 | 48.3 | 30.9 | 15.0 | -11K | 1.6% |
| 2015 | 1.14M | 3.12 | 54.9 | 28.3 | 11.5 | -13K | 1.7% |
| 2020 | 1.19M | 2.89 | 59.9 | 25.4 | 9.5 | -4K | 1.6% |
| 2024Now | 1.24M | 2.72 | 64.3 | 23.6 | 7.7 | -7K | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 1.26M | 2.68 | 64.4 | 23.3 | 7.8 | -6K | 1.5% |
| 2030 | 1.32M | 2.51 | 65.1 | 21.6 | 7.9 | -5K | 1.4% |
| 2035 | 1.38M | 2.37 | 65.7 | 20.1 | 8.2 | -6K | 1.2% |
| 2040 | 1.43M | 2.26 | 66.3 | 18.9 | 8.5 | -6K | 1.0% |
| 2045 | 1.47M | 2.16 | 66.9 | 17.7 | 8.8 | -5K | 0.9% |
| 2050 | 1.51M | 2.08 | 67.5 | 16.5 | 9.3 | -5K | 0.7% |
| 2055 | 1.53M | 2.02 | 68.1 | 15.5 | 9.9 | -6K | 0.6% |
| 2060 | 1.54M | 1.97 | 68.6 | 14.7 | 10.5 | -6K | 0.4% |
| 2065 | 1.54M | 1.93 | 69.2 | 14.0 | 11.3 | -5K | 0.3% |
| 2070 | 1.53M | 1.90 | 69.7 | 13.4 | 12.0 | -5K | 0.1% |
| 2075 | 1.51M | 1.87 | 70.3 | 12.9 | 12.6 | -5K | 0.0% |
| 2080 | 1.49M | 1.85 | 70.9 | 12.4 | 13.1 | -4K | -0.1% |
| 2085 | 1.46M | 1.83 | 71.4 | 12.0 | 13.6 | -5K | -0.2% |
| 2090 | 1.42M | 1.81 | 72.0 | 11.6 | 14.1 | -4K | -0.2% |
| 2095 | 1.38M | 1.79 | 72.6 | 11.3 | 14.5 | -4K | -0.3% |
| 2100 | 1.34M | 1.78 | 73.2 | 11.1 | 14.8 | -4K | -0.4% |