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Germany
Europe's largest economy and most populous nation, Germany is a federal republic of 16 states at the heart of the continent. The capital Berlin, reunified after the fall of the Wall in 1989, is a dynamic cultural capital. Germany is the world's third-largest exporter, known for engineering excellence, automotive industry (BMW, Mercedes, Volkswagen), and a strong social welfare system.
Major cities: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne
2024
84.6M
UN
2050
78.3M
UN
2100
70.9M
UN
~2200
55.0M
GPU
~2500
31.0M
GPU
Population84.6M
Fertility (TFR)1.45
Life expectancy81.5
Median age45.1
Infant mortality3.1 per 1,000
Pop. density238/km²
Urbanization82%
Youth share (0-14)14%
Land area349,430 km²
LanguageGerman
ReligionChristian
HDI0.959 (#5)
RegionEurope
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 69.8M | 2.19 | 66.8 | 17.3 | 10.3 | -628K | 0.7% |
| 1955 | 70.3M | 2.16 | 68.3 | 15.7 | 10.9 | -84K | 0.5% |
| 1960 | 72.8M | 2.38 | 69.3 | 17.4 | 11.9 | +213K | 0.6% |
| 1965 | 76.0M | 2.49 | 70.6 | 17.3 | 11.9 | +338K | 0.5% |
| 1970 | 78.2M | 2.02 | 70.7 | 13.4 | 12.5 | -273K | 0.1% |
| 1975 | 78.7M | 1.48 | 71.5 | 9.9 | 12.6 | -208K | -0.3% |
| 1980 | 78.3M | 1.56 | 73.1 | 11.0 | 12.2 | +324K | -0.1% |
| 1985 | 77.9M | 1.38 | 74.5 | 10.5 | 12.0 | +104K | -0.1% |
| 1990 | 79.7M | 1.46 | 75.3 | 11.4 | 11.6 | +680K | 0.0% |
| 1995 | 82.0M | 1.26 | 76.6 | 9.5 | 10.8 | +398K | -0.1% |
| 2000 | 81.8M | 1.39 | 78.1 | 9.4 | 10.3 | +175K | -0.1% |
| 2005 | 82.0M | 1.34 | 79.3 | 8.4 | 10.2 | +81K | -0.2% |
| 2010 | 80.8M | 1.40 | 80.1 | 8.4 | 10.7 | +130K | -0.2% |
| 2015 | 82.1M | 1.50 | 80.6 | 8.9 | 11.3 | +1,175K | -0.2% |
| 2020 | 83.6M | 1.53 | 81.0 | 9.3 | 11.8 | +203K | -0.3% |
| 2024Now | 84.6M | 1.45 | 81.5 | 8.5 | 12.3 | +37K | -0.4% |
| 2025 | 84.1M | 1.46 | 81.7 | 8.4 | 12.4 | -334K | -0.4% |
| 2030 | 82.8M | 1.48 | 82.5 | 7.9 | 12.5 | +163K | -0.5% |
| 2035 | 81.7M | 1.50 | 83.2 | 7.8 | 12.5 | +165K | -0.5% |
| 2040 | 80.6M | 1.51 | 83.9 | 8.1 | 12.8 | +165K | -0.5% |
| 2045 | 79.5M | 1.53 | 84.6 | 8.5 | 13.5 | +168K | -0.5% |
| 2050 | 78.3M | 1.54 | 85.2 | 8.8 | 14.2 | +179K | -0.5% |
| 2055 | 77.0M | 1.55 | 85.8 | 8.8 | 14.6 | +154K | -0.6% |
| 2060 | 75.6M | 1.56 | 86.4 | 8.6 | 14.2 | +164K | -0.6% |
| 2065 | 74.5M | 1.56 | 87.0 | 8.4 | 13.3 | +165K | -0.5% |
| 2070 | 73.6M | 1.56 | 87.5 | 8.5 | 12.8 | +168K | -0.4% |
| 2075 | 72.8M | 1.57 | 88.1 | 8.7 | 12.8 | +163K | -0.4% |
| 2080 | 72.1M | 1.58 | 88.7 | 8.9 | 12.8 | +152K | -0.4% |
| 2085 | 71.6M | 1.58 | 89.2 | 9.0 | 12.3 | +144K | -0.3% |
| 2090 | 71.2M | 1.59 | 89.7 | 8.9 | 11.6 | +132K | -0.3% |
| 2095 | 71.0M | 1.59 | 90.3 | 8.7 | 11.1 | +151K | -0.2% |
| 2100 | 70.9M | 1.60 | 90.8 | 8.6 | 11.1 | +141K | -0.2% |