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Iceland
A volcanic island nation in the North Atlantic straddling the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland is Europe's most sparsely populated country. The capital Reykjavík is the world's northernmost capital and is powered almost entirely by geothermal and hydroelectric energy. Iceland's dramatic landscapes of glaciers, geysers, hot springs, and volcanic terrain attract growing numbers of tourists.
Major cities: Reykjavík, Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri
2024
393K
UN
2050
433K
UN
2100
363K
UN
~2200
1.0M
GPU
~2500
1.0M
GPU
Population393K
Fertility (TFR)1.52
Life expectancy83.0
Median age35.8
Infant mortality1.9 per 1,000
Pop. density4/km²
Urbanization94%
Youth share (0-14)18%
Land area100,830 km²
LanguageIcelandic
ReligionChristian
HDI0.972 (#1)
RegionEurope
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 143K | 3.85 | 71.0 | 28.8 | 7.9 | +0K | 2.1% |
| 1955 | 158K | 4.04 | 73.3 | 28.4 | 7.0 | +0K | 2.1% |
| 1960 | 176K | 4.26 | 74.0 | 27.7 | 6.7 | -0K | 2.1% |
| 1965 | 192K | 3.72 | 73.8 | 24.5 | 6.7 | -0K | 1.8% |
| 1970 | 204K | 2.82 | 73.8 | 19.9 | 7.2 | -2K | 1.3% |
| 1975 | 218K | 2.64 | 75.3 | 20.0 | 6.5 | -0K | 1.4% |
| 1980 | 228K | 2.48 | 76.6 | 19.9 | 6.8 | -1K | 1.3% |
| 1985 | 241K | 1.94 | 77.4 | 16.1 | 6.9 | -1K | 0.9% |
| 1990 | 255K | 2.30 | 77.7 | 18.7 | 6.8 | -1K | 1.2% |
| 1995 | 268K | 2.08 | 77.5 | 16.1 | 7.3 | -1K | 0.9% |
| 2000 | 281K | 2.07 | 79.5 | 15.2 | 6.5 | +2K | 0.9% |
| 2005 | 297K | 2.05 | 81.2 | 14.3 | 6.2 | +4K | 0.8% |
| 2010 | 318K | 2.19 | 81.6 | 15.5 | 6.4 | -2K | 0.9% |
| 2015 | 331K | 1.81 | 82.2 | 12.5 | 6.6 | +1K | 0.6% |
| 2020 | 367K | 1.72 | 82.7 | 12.2 | 6.3 | +2K | 0.6% |
| 2024Now | 393K | 1.52 | 83.0 | 11.1 | 6.6 | +4K | 0.4% |
| 2025 | 398K | 1.50 | 83.2 | 11.0 | 6.6 | +3K | 0.4% |
| 2030 | 414K | 1.48 | 83.9 | 10.2 | 6.9 | +1K | 0.3% |
| 2035 | 424K | 1.48 | 84.5 | 9.6 | 7.5 | +1K | 0.2% |
| 2040 | 429K | 1.49 | 85.1 | 9.2 | 8.3 | +0K | 0.1% |
| 2045 | 432K | 1.50 | 85.7 | 8.8 | 8.9 | +0K | 0.0% |
| 2050 | 433K | 1.51 | 86.3 | 8.6 | 9.5 | +0K | -0.1% |
| 2055 | 432K | 1.51 | 86.9 | 8.4 | 9.9 | +0K | -0.2% |
| 2060 | 429K | 1.51 | 87.5 | 8.1 | 10.3 | +0K | -0.2% |
| 2065 | 425K | 1.52 | 88.0 | 7.8 | 10.8 | +0K | -0.3% |
| 2070 | 419K | 1.52 | 88.6 | 7.6 | 11.5 | +0K | -0.4% |
| 2075 | 412K | 1.53 | 89.2 | 7.6 | 12.3 | +0K | -0.5% |
| 2080 | 403K | 1.53 | 89.7 | 7.5 | 13.2 | +0K | -0.6% |
| 2085 | 393K | 1.54 | 90.3 | 7.5 | 13.7 | +0K | -0.6% |
| 2090 | 382K | 1.55 | 90.9 | 7.5 | 13.6 | +0K | -0.6% |
| 2095 | 372K | 1.56 | 91.4 | 7.4 | 13.1 | +0K | -0.6% |
| 2100 | 363K | 1.56 | 92.0 | 7.4 | 13.0 | +0K | -0.6% |