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India
The world's most populous country and largest democracy, India is a vast South Asian subcontinent of extraordinary linguistic, religious, and cultural diversity. New Delhi is the political capital, Mumbai the financial center, and Bengaluru the technology hub. India's rapidly growing economy is the fifth-largest globally, driven by IT services, a massive consumer market, and a young workforce.
Major cities: Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai
2024
1.45B
UN
2050
1.68B
UN
2100
1.51B
UN
~2200
861.0M
GPU
~2500
233.0M
GPU
Population1.45B
Fertility (TFR)1.96
Life expectancy72.2
Median age28.1
Infant mortality24.5 per 1,000
Pop. density484/km²
Urbanization35%
Youth share (0-14)25%
Land area2,973,190 km²
LanguageHindi 30%
ReligionHindu
HDI0.685 (#130)
RegionAsia
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 346M | 5.73 | 41.2 | 44.1 | 22.7 | -63K | 2.1% |
| 1955 | 388M | 5.91 | 43.7 | 44.4 | 21.1 | +70K | 2.3% |
| 1960 | 436M | 5.92 | 45.6 | 42.9 | 19.4 | +147K | 2.3% |
| 1965 | 490M | 5.94 | 45.6 | 41.6 | 19.4 | -248K | 2.2% |
| 1970 | 546M | 5.62 | 48.6 | 39.8 | 17.0 | +234K | 2.3% |
| 1975 | 611M | 5.19 | 50.8 | 38.4 | 15.5 | +434K | 2.3% |
| 1980 | 687M | 4.78 | 53.6 | 37.1 | 13.8 | +211K | 2.3% |
| 1985 | 773M | 4.43 | 56.3 | 35.4 | 12.2 | -90K | 2.3% |
| 1990 | 865M | 4.04 | 58.6 | 32.6 | 10.7 | +126K | 2.2% |
| 1995 | 960M | 3.65 | 60.6 | 29.8 | 9.6 | -57K | 2.0% |
| 2000 | 1.06B | 3.35 | 62.7 | 27.5 | 8.6 | -144K | 1.9% |
| 2005 | 1.15B | 2.96 | 64.9 | 24.3 | 7.8 | -929K | 1.6% |
| 2010 | 1.24B | 2.60 | 67.2 | 21.6 | 7.2 | -51K | 1.4% |
| 2015 | 1.33B | 2.29 | 69.3 | 18.9 | 6.7 | -655K | 1.2% |
| 2020 | 1.40B | 2.05 | 70.2 | 16.7 | 7.2 | -74K | 1.0% |
| 2024Now | 1.45B | 1.96 | 72.2 | 16.0 | 6.6 | -631K | 0.9% |
| 2025 | 1.46B | 1.94 | 72.5 | 15.8 | 6.6 | -496K | 0.9% |
| 2030 | 1.53B | 1.88 | 73.6 | 14.8 | 6.9 | -389K | 0.8% |
| 2035 | 1.58B | 1.84 | 74.7 | 13.8 | 7.3 | -370K | 0.6% |
| 2040 | 1.62B | 1.80 | 75.7 | 12.8 | 7.8 | -400K | 0.5% |
| 2045 | 1.66B | 1.78 | 76.6 | 11.9 | 8.3 | -368K | 0.4% |
| 2050 | 1.68B | 1.76 | 77.5 | 11.3 | 8.8 | -372K | 0.2% |
| 2055 | 1.69B | 1.75 | 78.4 | 10.8 | 9.4 | -359K | 0.1% |
| 2060 | 1.70B | 1.73 | 79.3 | 10.5 | 10.0 | -364K | 0.1% |
| 2065 | 1.70B | 1.72 | 80.1 | 10.1 | 10.6 | -395K | 0.0% |
| 2070 | 1.69B | 1.72 | 81.0 | 9.8 | 11.3 | -386K | -0.1% |
| 2075 | 1.67B | 1.71 | 81.8 | 9.5 | 11.9 | -374K | -0.2% |
| 2080 | 1.65B | 1.71 | 82.5 | 9.2 | 12.5 | -356K | -0.3% |
| 2085 | 1.61B | 1.70 | 83.3 | 9.1 | 12.9 | -354K | -0.4% |
| 2090 | 1.58B | 1.70 | 84.0 | 9.0 | 13.3 | -356K | -0.4% |
| 2095 | 1.54B | 1.69 | 84.6 | 8.9 | 13.5 | -318K | -0.5% |
| 2100 | 1.51B | 1.69 | 85.3 | 8.7 | 13.6 | -320K | -0.5% |