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Kazakhstan
The world's largest landlocked country spans the vast Central Asian steppe from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains, larger than all of Western Europe combined. The futuristic capital Nur-Sultan (Astana) was built on the northern steppe, while Almaty remains the cultural and economic hub. Kazakhstan is rich in oil, gas, and minerals and is home to the Baikonur Cosmodrome space launch facility.
Major cities: Almaty, Nur-Sultan, Shymkent, Karaganda
2024
20.6M
UN
2050
26.5M
UN
2100
33.7M
UN
~2200
27.0M
GPU
~2500
9.0M
GPU
Population20.6M
Fertility (TFR)2.98
Life expectancy74.5
Median age29.5
Infant mortality7.6 per 1,000
Pop. density8/km²
Urbanization62%
Youth share (0-14)30%
Land area2,699,700 km²
LanguageKazak
ReligionMuslim
HDI0.837 (#60)
RegionAsia
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 6.79M | 4.56 | 55.6 | 35.2 | 14.9 | +93K | 2.0% |
| 1955 | 7.99M | 4.51 | 56.8 | 35.3 | 13.9 | +85K | 2.1% |
| 1960 | 9.43M | 4.49 | 57.9 | 36.8 | 12.9 | +84K | 2.4% |
| 1965 | 11.0M | 3.88 | 59.0 | 28.9 | 11.2 | +104K | 1.8% |
| 1970 | 12.4M | 3.50 | 60.0 | 25.7 | 10.3 | +72K | 1.5% |
| 1975 | 13.7M | 3.40 | 61.1 | 25.9 | 9.9 | +26K | 1.6% |
| 1980 | 15.2M | 3.09 | 62.5 | 26.7 | 10.9 | -68K | 1.6% |
| 1985 | 16.0M | 3.21 | 65.4 | 28.2 | 9.8 | -103K | 1.8% |
| 1990 | 17.2M | 2.74 | 65.7 | 23.0 | 9.3 | -103K | 1.4% |
| 1995 | 16.7M | 2.25 | 63.7 | 18.7 | 10.3 | -413K | 0.8% |
| 2000 | 15.5M | 1.90 | 63.8 | 15.8 | 10.6 | -9K | 0.5% |
| 2005 | 16.0M | 2.27 | 65.4 | 19.4 | 10.2 | -20K | 0.9% |
| 2010 | 16.8M | 2.61 | 68.3 | 22.6 | 8.9 | -7K | 1.4% |
| 2015 | 18.1M | 2.75 | 72.0 | 22.5 | 7.4 | -2K | 1.5% |
| 2020 | 19.5M | 3.13 | 71.2 | 22.6 | 8.6 | -9K | 1.4% |
| 2024Now | 20.6M | 2.98 | 74.5 | 19.5 | 6.7 | -7K | 1.3% |
| 2025 | 20.8M | 2.95 | 74.7 | 19.0 | 6.7 | -9K | 1.2% |
| 2030 | 22.0M | 2.81 | 75.4 | 17.6 | 7.1 | -6K | 1.1% |
| 2035 | 23.1M | 2.69 | 76.1 | 17.6 | 7.5 | -12K | 1.0% |
| 2040 | 24.2M | 2.58 | 76.8 | 18.0 | 7.9 | -11K | 1.0% |
| 2045 | 25.4M | 2.48 | 77.5 | 18.0 | 8.2 | -14K | 1.0% |
| 2050 | 26.5M | 2.39 | 78.3 | 17.0 | 8.3 | -16K | 0.9% |
| 2055 | 27.6M | 2.31 | 79.0 | 15.7 | 8.3 | -8K | 0.7% |
| 2060 | 28.5M | 2.25 | 79.7 | 14.9 | 8.3 | -18K | 0.7% |
| 2065 | 29.3M | 2.19 | 80.5 | 14.4 | 8.4 | -14K | 0.6% |
| 2070 | 30.1M | 2.14 | 81.2 | 14.2 | 8.5 | -20K | 0.6% |
| 2075 | 30.8M | 2.10 | 81.9 | 13.9 | 8.5 | -19K | 0.5% |
| 2080 | 31.5M | 2.06 | 82.6 | 13.4 | 8.4 | -21K | 0.5% |
| 2085 | 32.2M | 2.02 | 83.2 | 12.7 | 8.2 | -21K | 0.4% |
| 2090 | 32.8M | 1.99 | 83.9 | 12.1 | 8.3 | -20K | 0.4% |
| 2095 | 33.3M | 1.97 | 84.5 | 11.7 | 8.6 | -4K | 0.3% |
| 2100 | 33.7M | 1.94 | 85.1 | 11.4 | 9.2 | -6K | 0.2% |