← Back to all countries
Luxembourg
One of Europe's smallest sovereign nations, Luxembourg is a landlocked Grand Duchy nestled between Belgium, France, and Germany. Despite its tiny size, Luxembourg City is a major European financial center and home to several EU institutions including the European Court of Justice. Luxembourg has the world's highest GDP per capita, driven by banking, steel, and a multilingual, multicultural workforce.
Major cities: Luxembourg City, Esch-sur-Alzette, Differdange, Dudelange
2024
673K
UN
2050
791K
UN
2100
748K
UN
~2200
1.0M
GPU
~2500
1.0M
GPU
Population673K
Fertility (TFR)1.40
Life expectancy82.4
Median age38.9
Infant mortality2.0 per 1,000
Pop. density259/km²
Urbanization95%
Youth share (0-14)16%
Land area2,574 km²
LanguageLuxermbourgish
ReligionChristian
HDI0.922 (#25)
RegionEurope
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 297K | 1.96 | 65.5 | 14.8 | 12.3 | +1K | 0.2% |
| 1955 | 305K | 2.16 | 67.4 | 16.3 | 11.9 | +0K | 0.4% |
| 1960 | 314K | 2.28 | 68.8 | 16.1 | 11.7 | +0K | 0.4% |
| 1965 | 330K | 2.40 | 69.2 | 16.0 | 12.3 | +2K | 0.4% |
| 1970 | 339K | 1.97 | 69.2 | 12.9 | 12.3 | +1K | 0.1% |
| 1975 | 354K | 1.56 | 70.3 | 11.0 | 12.4 | +3K | -0.1% |
| 1980 | 364K | 1.50 | 72.4 | 11.5 | 11.4 | +1K | 0.0% |
| 1985 | 367K | 1.39 | 73.3 | 11.2 | 11.1 | +1K | 0.0% |
| 1990 | 382K | 1.60 | 75.0 | 12.8 | 10.1 | +4K | 0.3% |
| 1995 | 408K | 1.71 | 75.9 | 13.2 | 9.6 | +4K | 0.4% |
| 2000 | 436K | 1.76 | 77.3 | 12.8 | 8.9 | +5K | 0.4% |
| 2005 | 465K | 1.63 | 78.9 | 11.4 | 8.0 | +6K | 0.3% |
| 2010 | 507K | 1.62 | 80.1 | 11.3 | 7.6 | +8K | 0.4% |
| 2015 | 570K | 1.46 | 81.3 | 10.5 | 7.2 | +11K | 0.3% |
| 2020 | 631K | 1.36 | 81.4 | 10.1 | 7.5 | +7K | 0.3% |
| 2024Now | 673K | 1.40 | 82.4 | 10.3 | 7.4 | +6K | 0.3% |
| 2025 | 680K | 1.40 | 82.5 | 10.2 | 7.4 | +5K | 0.3% |
| 2030 | 714K | 1.43 | 83.2 | 9.4 | 7.5 | +4K | 0.2% |
| 2035 | 741K | 1.45 | 83.9 | 8.7 | 7.8 | +4K | 0.1% |
| 2040 | 763K | 1.46 | 84.5 | 8.6 | 8.4 | +4K | 0.0% |
| 2045 | 780K | 1.47 | 85.2 | 8.7 | 9.1 | +3K | 0.0% |
| 2050 | 791K | 1.48 | 85.8 | 8.7 | 9.9 | +3K | -0.1% |
| 2055 | 799K | 1.49 | 86.3 | 8.7 | 10.7 | +3K | -0.2% |
| 2060 | 801K | 1.50 | 86.9 | 8.5 | 11.2 | +2K | -0.3% |
| 2065 | 800K | 1.51 | 87.5 | 8.3 | 11.5 | +2K | -0.3% |
| 2070 | 796K | 1.52 | 88.0 | 8.2 | 11.8 | +2K | -0.4% |
| 2075 | 790K | 1.52 | 88.5 | 8.2 | 12.2 | +2K | -0.4% |
| 2080 | 782K | 1.52 | 89.1 | 8.3 | 12.5 | +2K | -0.4% |
| 2085 | 773K | 1.52 | 89.6 | 8.3 | 12.5 | +1K | -0.4% |
| 2090 | 764K | 1.53 | 90.1 | 8.3 | 12.2 | +1K | -0.4% |
| 2095 | 757K | 1.53 | 90.6 | 8.2 | 11.8 | +1K | -0.4% |
| 2100 | 748K | 1.54 | 91.1 | 8.1 | 11.6 | +1K | -0.4% |