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Madagascar
The world's fourth-largest island lies in the Indian Ocean off southeastern Africa, having separated from the Indian subcontinent about 88 million years ago. The capital Antananarivo sits in the central highlands. Madagascar's long isolation produced extraordinary biodiversity — over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else, including lemurs, chameleons, and baobab trees.
Major cities: Antananarivo, Toamasina, Antsirabe, Fianarantsoa
2024
32.0M
UN
2050
53.2M
UN
2100
85.3M
UN
~2200
85.0M
GPU
~2500
19.0M
GPU
Population32.0M
Fertility (TFR)3.91
Life expectancy63.8
Median age18.9
Infant mortality44.2 per 1,000
Pop. density54/km²
Urbanization32%
Youth share (0-14)40%
Land area581,800 km²
LanguageMalagasy and French
ReligionChristian
HDI0.487 (#183)
RegionAfrica
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 3.96M | 7.43 | 39.7 | 49.8 | 24.5 | 0K | 2.5% |
| 1955 | 4.49M | 7.40 | 41.3 | 48.9 | 23.5 | 0K | 2.5% |
| 1960 | 5.11M | 7.34 | 43.3 | 47.6 | 21.5 | 0K | 2.6% |
| 1965 | 5.82M | 7.17 | 45.4 | 45.6 | 19.4 | -1K | 2.6% |
| 1970 | 6.67M | 7.10 | 47.9 | 46.8 | 17.6 | -3K | 2.9% |
| 1975 | 7.74M | 6.97 | 49.6 | 47.4 | 16.5 | -5K | 3.1% |
| 1980 | 9.01M | 6.84 | 50.0 | 46.8 | 16.2 | -4K | 3.1% |
| 1985 | 10.4M | 6.46 | 50.4 | 44.8 | 15.7 | -2K | 2.9% |
| 1990 | 12.1M | 6.14 | 52.1 | 44.1 | 14.2 | -2K | 3.0% |
| 1995 | 14.1M | 6.04 | 54.8 | 44.5 | 12.4 | -2K | 3.2% |
| 2000 | 16.5M | 5.66 | 58.0 | 42.0 | 10.5 | -4K | 3.2% |
| 2005 | 19.2M | 5.20 | 60.7 | 38.4 | 8.8 | -5K | 3.0% |
| 2010 | 22.2M | 4.90 | 62.6 | 36.7 | 7.8 | -2K | 2.9% |
| 2015 | 25.4M | 4.33 | 63.4 | 33.8 | 7.5 | -3K | 2.6% |
| 2020 | 29.0M | 4.17 | 62.7 | 33.3 | 7.9 | -1K | 2.5% |
| 2024Now | 32.0M | 3.91 | 63.8 | 31.7 | 7.5 | -2K | 2.4% |
| 2025 | 32.7M | 3.84 | 64.0 | 31.3 | 7.4 | -2K | 2.4% |
| 2030 | 36.7M | 3.56 | 65.0 | 29.1 | 7.2 | -4K | 2.2% |
| 2035 | 40.7M | 3.32 | 65.9 | 27.2 | 7.1 | -5K | 2.0% |
| 2040 | 44.8M | 3.12 | 66.8 | 25.6 | 7.0 | -6K | 1.9% |
| 2045 | 49.0M | 2.95 | 67.5 | 24.2 | 7.0 | -7K | 1.7% |
| 2050 | 53.2M | 2.82 | 68.3 | 22.9 | 7.1 | -8K | 1.6% |
| 2055 | 57.3M | 2.69 | 69.0 | 21.6 | 7.2 | -8K | 1.4% |
| 2060 | 61.4M | 2.59 | 69.6 | 20.5 | 7.4 | -9K | 1.3% |
| 2065 | 65.2M | 2.49 | 70.3 | 19.4 | 7.7 | -11K | 1.2% |
| 2070 | 68.9M | 2.41 | 70.9 | 18.5 | 8.0 | -11K | 1.0% |
| 2075 | 72.4M | 2.32 | 71.6 | 17.6 | 8.3 | -10K | 0.9% |
| 2080 | 75.5M | 2.25 | 72.2 | 16.8 | 8.7 | -12K | 0.8% |
| 2085 | 78.4M | 2.20 | 72.8 | 16.1 | 9.0 | -11K | 0.7% |
| 2090 | 81.0M | 2.15 | 73.5 | 15.5 | 9.2 | -14K | 0.6% |
| 2095 | 83.3M | 2.10 | 74.1 | 14.9 | 9.5 | -15K | 0.5% |
| 2100 | 85.3M | 2.06 | 74.7 | 14.3 | 9.8 | -13K | 0.5% |