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Netherlands
A low-lying Western European nation, the Netherlands is famous for its centuries-long battle against the sea — roughly a third of the country lies below sea level, protected by an elaborate system of dikes, dams, and storm surge barriers. Amsterdam is the capital and cultural center, while The Hague hosts the government and international courts. The Netherlands is the world's second-largest agricultural exporter.
Major cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht
2024
18.2M
UN
2050
19.0M
UN
2100
17.5M
UN
~2200
13.0M
GPU
~2500
7.0M
GPU
Population18.2M
Fertility (TFR)1.43
Life expectancy82.3
Median age41.4
Infant mortality3.5 per 1,000
Pop. density531/km²
Urbanization95%
Youth share (0-14)15%
Land area33,670 km²
LanguageDutch
ReligionChristian
HDI0.955 (#8)
RegionEurope
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 10.1M | 3.10 | 71.4 | 22.7 | 7.5 | +19K | 1.5% |
| 1955 | 10.8M | 3.03 | 72.5 | 21.3 | 7.6 | -6K | 1.4% |
| 1960 | 11.5M | 3.12 | 73.4 | 20.8 | 7.6 | -13K | 1.3% |
| 1965 | 12.3M | 3.03 | 73.6 | 19.9 | 8.0 | +19K | 1.2% |
| 1970 | 13.1M | 2.57 | 73.6 | 18.3 | 8.4 | +32K | 1.0% |
| 1975 | 13.7M | 1.67 | 74.6 | 13.0 | 8.3 | +69K | 0.5% |
| 1980 | 14.2M | 1.60 | 75.8 | 12.7 | 8.1 | +54K | 0.5% |
| 1985 | 14.5M | 1.51 | 76.4 | 12.3 | 8.4 | +27K | 0.4% |
| 1990 | 15.0M | 1.61 | 77.0 | 13.3 | 8.6 | +54K | 0.5% |
| 1995 | 15.6M | 1.53 | 77.6 | 12.5 | 8.7 | +15K | 0.4% |
| 2000 | 16.1M | 1.72 | 78.1 | 13.0 | 8.8 | +59K | 0.4% |
| 2005 | 16.5M | 1.71 | 79.5 | 11.5 | 8.3 | -22K | 0.3% |
| 2010 | 16.8M | 1.79 | 80.8 | 11.0 | 8.1 | +34K | 0.3% |
| 2015 | 17.1M | 1.66 | 81.5 | 10.1 | 8.6 | +56K | 0.1% |
| 2020 | 17.6M | 1.54 | 81.4 | 9.7 | 9.6 | +68K | 0.0% |
| 2024Now | 18.2M | 1.43 | 82.3 | 9.4 | 9.1 | +122K | 0.0% |
| 2025 | 18.3M | 1.44 | 82.4 | 9.5 | 9.2 | +105K | 0.0% |
| 2030 | 18.8M | 1.46 | 83.2 | 9.6 | 9.7 | +61K | 0.0% |
| 2035 | 19.0M | 1.48 | 83.9 | 9.4 | 10.3 | +45K | -0.1% |
| 2040 | 19.1M | 1.49 | 84.6 | 9.0 | 10.9 | +41K | -0.2% |
| 2045 | 19.0M | 1.50 | 85.2 | 8.7 | 11.3 | +39K | -0.3% |
| 2050 | 19.0M | 1.51 | 85.9 | 8.7 | 11.8 | +37K | -0.3% |
| 2055 | 18.8M | 1.53 | 86.5 | 8.7 | 12.0 | +35K | -0.3% |
| 2060 | 18.7M | 1.54 | 87.1 | 8.8 | 12.0 | +31K | -0.3% |
| 2065 | 18.6M | 1.54 | 87.6 | 8.8 | 11.5 | +30K | -0.3% |
| 2070 | 18.5M | 1.54 | 88.2 | 8.6 | 11.2 | +32K | -0.3% |
| 2075 | 18.4M | 1.55 | 88.8 | 8.4 | 11.3 | +32K | -0.3% |
| 2080 | 18.3M | 1.55 | 89.3 | 8.4 | 11.8 | +32K | -0.3% |
| 2085 | 18.1M | 1.56 | 89.9 | 8.4 | 12.2 | +32K | -0.4% |
| 2090 | 17.9M | 1.56 | 90.4 | 8.5 | 12.4 | +27K | -0.4% |
| 2095 | 17.7M | 1.57 | 91.0 | 8.5 | 12.2 | +28K | -0.4% |
| 2100 | 17.5M | 1.57 | 91.5 | 8.5 | 11.9 | +25K | -0.3% |