← Back to all countries
Panama
A narrow isthmus connecting North and South America, Panama is defined by its famous canal, which handles about 5% of global maritime trade. Panama City, the capital, has the most developed skyline in Central America and serves as a major international banking center. The country's biodiversity is extraordinary, with more bird species than the US and Canada combined.
Major cities: Panama City, San Miguelito, David, Colón
2024
4.5M
UN
2050
5.6M
UN
2100
5.9M
UN
~2200
5.0M
GPU
~2500
1.0M
GPU
Population4.5M
Fertility (TFR)2.11
Life expectancy79.8
Median age29.6
Infant mortality10.6 per 1,000
Pop. density60/km²
Urbanization66%
Youth share (0-14)25%
Land area74,180 km²
LanguageSpanish
ReligionChristian
HDI0.839 (#59)
RegionNorth America
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 861K | 5.57 | 55.4 | 40.4 | 12.9 | -3K | 2.7% |
| 1955 | 979K | 5.73 | 57.5 | 40.8 | 11.2 | -3K | 3.0% |
| 1960 | 1.13M | 5.83 | 60.3 | 41.1 | 9.6 | -2K | 3.1% |
| 1965 | 1.31M | 5.73 | 62.3 | 40.3 | 8.6 | -2K | 3.2% |
| 1970 | 1.51M | 5.18 | 64.1 | 37.4 | 7.6 | -2K | 3.0% |
| 1975 | 1.73M | 4.41 | 67.2 | 33.3 | 6.1 | -3K | 2.7% |
| 1980 | 1.96M | 3.80 | 69.5 | 30.4 | 5.3 | -3K | 2.5% |
| 1985 | 2.20M | 3.43 | 70.5 | 29.0 | 5.1 | -2K | 2.4% |
| 1990 | 2.46M | 3.07 | 71.3 | 26.8 | 5.1 | -1K | 2.2% |
| 1995 | 2.72M | 2.85 | 72.0 | 24.9 | 5.1 | +1K | 2.0% |
| 2000 | 3.01M | 2.74 | 73.4 | 23.5 | 4.8 | +3K | 1.9% |
| 2005 | 3.31M | 2.64 | 75.2 | 22.1 | 4.6 | +4K | 1.8% |
| 2010 | 3.63M | 2.59 | 76.4 | 21.0 | 4.6 | +5K | 1.6% |
| 2015 | 3.96M | 2.53 | 77.6 | 19.8 | 4.7 | +9K | 1.5% |
| 2020 | 4.29M | 2.18 | 76.3 | 16.7 | 5.9 | +5K | 1.1% |
| 2024Now | 4.52M | 2.11 | 79.8 | 15.9 | 4.9 | +7K | 1.1% |
| 2025 | 4.57M | 2.09 | 80.0 | 15.7 | 5.0 | +6K | 1.1% |
| 2030 | 4.83M | 2.01 | 80.9 | 14.7 | 5.3 | +4K | 0.9% |
| 2035 | 5.07M | 1.95 | 81.8 | 14.1 | 5.7 | +3K | 0.8% |
| 2040 | 5.29M | 1.92 | 82.6 | 13.3 | 6.1 | +2K | 0.7% |
| 2045 | 5.47M | 1.88 | 83.4 | 12.5 | 6.7 | +2K | 0.6% |
| 2050 | 5.63M | 1.86 | 84.1 | 11.9 | 7.2 | +2K | 0.5% |
| 2055 | 5.76M | 1.83 | 84.8 | 11.3 | 7.8 | +3K | 0.3% |
| 2060 | 5.86M | 1.81 | 85.4 | 10.9 | 8.4 | +3K | 0.2% |
| 2065 | 5.93M | 1.80 | 86.1 | 10.5 | 8.8 | +3K | 0.2% |
| 2070 | 5.98M | 1.79 | 86.7 | 10.3 | 9.2 | +3K | 0.1% |
| 2075 | 6.02M | 1.78 | 87.3 | 9.9 | 9.6 | +3K | 0.0% |
| 2080 | 6.03M | 1.76 | 87.9 | 9.6 | 10.0 | +3K | 0.0% |
| 2085 | 6.02M | 1.75 | 88.4 | 9.4 | 10.4 | +3K | -0.1% |
| 2090 | 6.00M | 1.75 | 89.0 | 9.2 | 10.7 | +3K | -0.2% |
| 2095 | 5.96M | 1.74 | 89.6 | 9.1 | 11.1 | +2K | -0.2% |
| 2100 | 5.90M | 1.74 | 90.1 | 9.0 | 11.3 | +2K | -0.2% |