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Peru
A Pacific coast South American nation spanning the Andes and the Amazon, Peru is the heartland of the Inca Empire, whose iconic citadel Machu Picchu draws millions of visitors. The capital Lima, founded by Pizarro in 1535, is South America's gastronomic capital. Peru's extraordinary biodiversity, archaeological heritage, and geographic diversity — from coastal deserts to the world's deepest canyon — are unmatched in the region.
Major cities: Lima, Arequipa, Cusco, Trujillo
2024
34.2M
UN
2050
40.6M
UN
2100
38.2M
UN
~2200
23.0M
GPU
~2500
7.0M
GPU
Population34.2M
Fertility (TFR)1.96
Life expectancy77.9
Median age29.5
Infant mortality13.5 per 1,000
Pop. density26/km²
Urbanization85%
Youth share (0-14)24%
Land area1,280,000 km²
LanguageSpanish
ReligionChristian
HDI0.794 (#79)
RegionSouth America
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 7.68M | 6.94 | 46.0 | 48.0 | 20.3 | -0K | 2.8% |
| 1955 | 8.82M | 6.96 | 47.9 | 47.8 | 19.1 | -6K | 2.9% |
| 1960 | 10.2M | 6.94 | 50.6 | 46.9 | 17.1 | -7K | 3.0% |
| 1965 | 11.8M | 6.75 | 53.9 | 44.9 | 15.2 | -12K | 3.0% |
| 1970 | 13.5M | 6.32 | 47.7 | 42.4 | 18.8 | -16K | 2.4% |
| 1975 | 15.3M | 5.71 | 58.2 | 39.5 | 12.4 | -34K | 2.7% |
| 1980 | 17.4M | 5.04 | 60.0 | 36.5 | 10.9 | -11K | 2.6% |
| 1985 | 19.6M | 4.46 | 61.7 | 34.0 | 9.2 | -14K | 2.5% |
| 1990 | 22.0M | 3.91 | 64.0 | 31.1 | 7.7 | -29K | 2.3% |
| 1995 | 24.3M | 3.31 | 67.2 | 27.2 | 6.3 | -46K | 2.1% |
| 2000 | 26.6M | 2.85 | 69.8 | 23.8 | 5.6 | -92K | 1.8% |
| 2005 | 28.1M | 2.64 | 72.0 | 22.1 | 5.9 | -222K | 1.6% |
| 2010 | 29.1M | 2.42 | 72.9 | 19.9 | 6.7 | -181K | 1.3% |
| 2015 | 30.5M | 2.23 | 75.7 | 17.9 | 6.0 | +2K | 1.2% |
| 2020 | 32.8M | 2.06 | 73.8 | 16.6 | 7.4 | +55K | 0.9% |
| 2024Now | 34.2M | 1.96 | 77.9 | 15.8 | 5.6 | +18K | 1.0% |
| 2025 | 34.6M | 1.94 | 78.1 | 15.5 | 5.7 | +12K | 1.0% |
| 2030 | 36.2M | 1.87 | 79.0 | 14.4 | 6.0 | -5K | 0.8% |
| 2035 | 37.6M | 1.83 | 79.9 | 13.4 | 6.4 | -5K | 0.7% |
| 2040 | 38.8M | 1.79 | 80.7 | 12.6 | 6.8 | -5K | 0.6% |
| 2045 | 39.8M | 1.77 | 81.5 | 11.9 | 7.2 | -5K | 0.5% |
| 2050 | 40.6M | 1.74 | 82.3 | 11.2 | 7.7 | -5K | 0.3% |
| 2055 | 41.2M | 1.73 | 83.1 | 10.7 | 8.3 | -4K | 0.2% |
| 2060 | 41.5M | 1.72 | 83.8 | 10.3 | 8.9 | -5K | 0.1% |
| 2065 | 41.7M | 1.71 | 84.4 | 9.9 | 9.6 | -5K | 0.0% |
| 2070 | 41.6M | 1.70 | 85.1 | 9.6 | 10.2 | -5K | -0.1% |
| 2075 | 41.4M | 1.70 | 85.7 | 9.3 | 10.8 | -4K | -0.2% |
| 2080 | 41.0M | 1.70 | 86.3 | 9.1 | 11.5 | -5K | -0.2% |
| 2085 | 40.4M | 1.69 | 86.8 | 9.0 | 12.0 | -4K | -0.3% |
| 2090 | 39.7M | 1.69 | 87.3 | 8.8 | 12.4 | -4K | -0.4% |
| 2095 | 39.0M | 1.69 | 87.8 | 8.7 | 12.7 | -4K | -0.4% |
| 2100 | 38.2M | 1.68 | 88.4 | 8.6 | 12.9 | -4K | -0.4% |