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Rwanda
A small, densely populated, landlocked nation in the African Great Lakes region, Rwanda has undergone a remarkable transformation since the devastating 1994 genocide that killed an estimated 800,000 people. The capital Kigali is now one of Africa's cleanest and safest cities. Rwanda has achieved extraordinary economic growth and is positioning itself as an East African technology and conference hub.
Major cities: Kigali, Butare, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri
2024
14.3M
UN
2050
22.7M
UN
2100
32.8M
UN
~2200
29.0M
GPU
~2500
9.0M
GPU
Population14.3M
Fertility (TFR)3.64
Life expectancy68.0
Median age19.4
Infant mortality30.5 per 1,000
Pop. density566/km²
Urbanization29%
Youth share (0-14)38%
Land area24,670 km²
LanguageKinyarwanda
ReligionChristian
HDI0.578 (#159)
RegionAfrica
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2.16M | 8.15 | 43.2 | 58.3 | 22.6 | +1K | 3.6% |
| 1955 | 2.57M | 8.21 | 44.8 | 56.2 | 21.9 | -1K | 3.4% |
| 1960 | 3.02M | 8.28 | 47.0 | 52.9 | 19.6 | -13K | 3.3% |
| 1965 | 3.42M | 8.25 | 48.2 | 48.0 | 17.8 | -10K | 3.0% |
| 1970 | 3.98M | 8.15 | 47.1 | 48.2 | 18.3 | +1K | 3.0% |
| 1975 | 4.61M | 8.10 | 45.3 | 50.4 | 19.9 | -5K | 3.1% |
| 1980 | 5.35M | 8.12 | 48.1 | 52.7 | 18.1 | -16K | 3.5% |
| 1985 | 6.32M | 7.79 | 51.7 | 50.2 | 14.8 | -11K | 3.5% |
| 1990 | 7.38M | 6.80 | 47.8 | 44.1 | 15.9 | -41K | 2.8% |
| 1995 | 5.67M | 6.34 | 41.5 | 39.5 | 18.2 | +440K | 2.1% |
| 2000 | 8.21M | 5.97 | 47.8 | 42.1 | 15.2 | -154K | 2.7% |
| 2005 | 9.05M | 5.50 | 57.0 | 40.6 | 10.3 | -34K | 3.0% |
| 2010 | 10.3M | 4.52 | 62.8 | 35.1 | 7.3 | -30K | 2.8% |
| 2015 | 11.6M | 4.11 | 65.4 | 32.1 | 6.4 | -22K | 2.6% |
| 2020 | 13.1M | 3.91 | 67.0 | 30.0 | 6.1 | -22K | 2.4% |
| 2024Now | 14.3M | 3.64 | 68.0 | 28.1 | 5.9 | -16K | 2.2% |
| 2025 | 14.6M | 3.59 | 68.2 | 27.7 | 5.9 | +6K | 2.2% |
| 2030 | 16.2M | 3.33 | 69.3 | 26.2 | 5.7 | -17K | 2.0% |
| 2035 | 17.7M | 3.11 | 70.2 | 24.7 | 5.7 | +20K | 1.9% |
| 2040 | 19.4M | 2.92 | 71.1 | 23.3 | 5.7 | +23K | 1.8% |
| 2045 | 21.2M | 2.75 | 72.0 | 21.8 | 5.7 | -18K | 1.6% |
| 2050 | 22.7M | 2.61 | 72.8 | 20.3 | 5.8 | -32K | 1.4% |
| 2055 | 24.2M | 2.47 | 73.6 | 18.9 | 6.1 | -12K | 1.3% |
| 2060 | 25.6M | 2.37 | 74.4 | 17.9 | 6.4 | -25K | 1.2% |
| 2065 | 26.9M | 2.27 | 75.2 | 17.0 | 6.8 | -8K | 1.0% |
| 2070 | 28.1M | 2.20 | 75.9 | 16.2 | 7.1 | -14K | 0.9% |
| 2075 | 29.2M | 2.12 | 76.7 | 15.3 | 7.5 | -28K | 0.8% |
| 2080 | 30.1M | 2.06 | 77.4 | 14.5 | 7.8 | -12K | 0.7% |
| 2085 | 31.0M | 2.00 | 78.1 | 13.7 | 8.2 | -29K | 0.6% |
| 2090 | 31.8M | 1.96 | 78.9 | 13.2 | 8.6 | -45K | 0.5% |
| 2095 | 32.3M | 1.92 | 79.6 | 12.7 | 9.0 | +11K | 0.4% |
| 2100 | 32.8M | 1.89 | 80.3 | 12.2 | 9.4 | -23K | 0.3% |