← Back to all countries
Saudi Arabia
The birthplace of Islam and guardian of its two holiest cities — Mecca and Medina — Saudi Arabia is a vast desert kingdom occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula. The capital Riyadh is a modern metropolis, and the kingdom holds the world's second-largest proven oil reserves. Saudi Arabia's ambitious Vision 2030 plan aims to diversify the economy through mega-projects like the futuristic city of NEOM.
Major cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Medina
2024
34.0M
UN
2050
47.7M
UN
2100
71.0M
UN
~2200
53.0M
GPU
~2500
27.0M
GPU
Population34.0M
Fertility (TFR)2.31
Life expectancy79.0
Median age29.2
Infant mortality4.9 per 1,000
Pop. density16/km²
Urbanization84%
Youth share (0-14)24%
Land area2,149,690 km²
LanguageArabic
ReligionMuslim
HDI0.900 (#37)
RegionAsia
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 1.70M | 7.58 | 40.0 | 50.9 | 25.0 | +15K | 2.6% |
| 1955 | 2.03M | 7.59 | 42.6 | 51.7 | 23.3 | +15K | 2.8% |
| 1960 | 2.44M | 7.63 | 45.3 | 51.5 | 21.1 | +15K | 3.0% |
| 1965 | 2.93M | 7.66 | 48.4 | 50.4 | 18.4 | +15K | 3.2% |
| 1970 | 3.56M | 7.58 | 52.7 | 48.7 | 14.9 | +31K | 3.4% |
| 1975 | 4.56M | 7.37 | 57.8 | 47.7 | 11.2 | +74K | 3.6% |
| 1980 | 6.05M | 7.14 | 62.4 | 47.1 | 8.3 | +121K | 3.9% |
| 1985 | 8.15M | 6.65 | 66.0 | 44.2 | 6.1 | +148K | 3.8% |
| 1990 | 10.6M | 5.80 | 68.9 | 38.0 | 4.6 | +160K | 3.3% |
| 1995 | 13.3M | 4.99 | 70.9 | 32.3 | 3.7 | +161K | 2.9% |
| 2000 | 16.2M | 4.21 | 72.6 | 27.5 | 3.2 | +469K | 2.4% |
| 2005 | 20.6M | 3.16 | 74.4 | 21.1 | 2.8 | +519K | 1.8% |
| 2010 | 25.2M | 2.81 | 75.6 | 20.1 | 2.7 | +505K | 1.7% |
| 2015 | 30.0M | 2.63 | 77.8 | 19.4 | 2.3 | +465K | 1.7% |
| 2020 | 31.0M | 2.27 | 77.6 | 16.6 | 2.5 | -75K | 1.4% |
| 2024Now | 34.0M | 2.31 | 79.0 | 16.5 | 2.3 | +122K | 1.4% |
| 2025 | 34.6M | 2.29 | 79.2 | 16.3 | 2.3 | +120K | 1.4% |
| 2030 | 37.4M | 2.17 | 80.3 | 15.4 | 2.3 | +22K | 1.3% |
| 2035 | 40.0M | 2.07 | 81.3 | 14.7 | 2.4 | +24K | 1.2% |
| 2040 | 42.6M | 1.98 | 82.3 | 14.0 | 2.5 | +25K | 1.2% |
| 2045 | 45.2M | 1.92 | 83.2 | 13.4 | 2.7 | +27K | 1.1% |
| 2050 | 47.7M | 1.88 | 84.0 | 12.9 | 3.0 | +29K | 1.0% |
| 2055 | 50.2M | 1.84 | 84.8 | 12.6 | 3.3 | +29K | 0.9% |
| 2060 | 52.7M | 1.81 | 85.5 | 12.3 | 3.6 | +30K | 0.9% |
| 2065 | 55.1M | 1.79 | 86.2 | 12.1 | 3.9 | +30K | 0.8% |
| 2070 | 57.5M | 1.77 | 86.9 | 11.8 | 4.3 | +30K | 0.8% |
| 2075 | 59.7M | 1.75 | 87.5 | 11.6 | 4.6 | +30K | 0.7% |
| 2080 | 62.0M | 1.75 | 88.1 | 11.5 | 4.7 | +29K | 0.7% |
| 2085 | 64.2M | 1.73 | 88.7 | 11.3 | 4.8 | +28K | 0.7% |
| 2090 | 66.5M | 1.73 | 89.3 | 11.3 | 4.8 | +28K | 0.6% |
| 2095 | 68.7M | 1.72 | 89.8 | 11.2 | 5.0 | +27K | 0.6% |
| 2100 | 71.0M | 1.72 | 90.3 | 11.2 | 5.3 | +27K | 0.6% |