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Somalia
Located at the Horn of Africa with the longest coastline on the continent, Somalia has been affected by decades of civil conflict and state fragmentation since 1991. The capital Mogadishu, once known as the 'White Pearl of the Indian Ocean,' has seen periods of recovery. Somalia's predominantly nomadic pastoral culture, rich oral poetry tradition, and strategic location on global shipping lanes define its character.
Major cities: Mogadishu, Hargeisa, Kismayo, Garowe
2024
19.0M
UN
2050
37.2M
UN
2100
67.4M
UN
~2200
75.0M
GPU
~2500
15.0M
GPU
Population19.0M
Fertility (TFR)6.01
Life expectancy59.0
Median age15.4
Infant mortality83.0 per 1,000
Pop. density30/km²
Urbanization47%
Youth share (0-14)46%
Land area627,337 km²
LanguageSomali
ReligionMuslim
HDI0.404 (#192)
RegionAfrica
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2.21M | 7.25 | 41.5 | 50.5 | 22.4 | +1K | 2.8% |
| 1955 | 2.53M | 7.25 | 42.5 | 48.2 | 22.0 | -1K | 2.6% |
| 1960 | 2.88M | 7.25 | 43.5 | 46.8 | 21.1 | +1K | 2.6% |
| 1965 | 3.28M | 7.26 | 44.6 | 45.9 | 20.1 | +2K | 2.6% |
| 1970 | 3.74M | 7.18 | 45.6 | 45.5 | 19.3 | +1K | 2.6% |
| 1975 | 4.26M | 7.03 | 44.5 | 45.9 | 20.3 | -2K | 2.6% |
| 1980 | 5.94M | 7.18 | 47.6 | 47.4 | 18.0 | +66K | 2.9% |
| 1985 | 6.69M | 7.33 | 48.3 | 48.7 | 17.7 | +62K | 3.1% |
| 1990 | 7.08M | 7.44 | 46.9 | 50.3 | 18.5 | -248K | 3.2% |
| 1995 | 7.29M | 7.58 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 15.7 | +66K | 3.5% |
| 2000 | 8.84M | 7.64 | 50.7 | 50.4 | 15.7 | +54K | 3.5% |
| 2005 | 10.6M | 7.53 | 50.9 | 49.6 | 15.5 | -6K | 3.4% |
| 2010 | 12.3M | 7.32 | 48.9 | 48.1 | 16.6 | -88K | 3.1% |
| 2015 | 13.8M | 6.97 | 55.1 | 47.2 | 12.3 | -17K | 3.5% |
| 2020 | 16.7M | 6.45 | 57.1 | 44.5 | 10.8 | +77K | 3.4% |
| 2024Now | 19.0M | 6.01 | 59.0 | 42.3 | 9.7 | +27K | 3.3% |
| 2025 | 19.7M | 5.91 | 59.1 | 41.8 | 9.7 | +12K | 3.2% |
| 2030 | 22.9M | 5.35 | 59.9 | 38.3 | 9.2 | +11K | 2.9% |
| 2035 | 26.3M | 4.84 | 60.6 | 35.6 | 8.8 | +11K | 2.7% |
| 2040 | 29.9M | 4.35 | 61.2 | 33.0 | 8.4 | +15K | 2.5% |
| 2045 | 33.5M | 3.91 | 61.9 | 30.6 | 8.2 | -19K | 2.2% |
| 2050 | 37.2M | 3.60 | 62.6 | 28.8 | 8.1 | -25K | 2.1% |
| 2055 | 41.0M | 3.32 | 63.2 | 26.8 | 8.0 | +21K | 1.9% |
| 2060 | 44.9M | 3.10 | 63.9 | 24.9 | 8.1 | +46K | 1.7% |
| 2065 | 48.6M | 2.91 | 64.5 | 23.2 | 8.2 | +13K | 1.5% |
| 2070 | 52.0M | 2.75 | 65.1 | 21.7 | 8.4 | +8K | 1.3% |
| 2075 | 55.3M | 2.63 | 65.7 | 20.5 | 8.7 | -63K | 1.2% |
| 2080 | 58.4M | 2.51 | 66.2 | 19.3 | 9.1 | -29K | 1.0% |
| 2085 | 61.1M | 2.41 | 66.8 | 18.2 | 9.4 | +28K | 0.9% |
| 2090 | 63.5M | 2.32 | 67.4 | 17.2 | 9.9 | +15K | 0.7% |
| 2095 | 65.6M | 2.25 | 68.0 | 16.4 | 10.3 | -17K | 0.6% |
| 2100 | 67.4M | 2.19 | 68.6 | 15.7 | 10.9 | -40K | 0.5% |