← Back to all countries
Tonga
A Polynesian archipelago of 169 islands in the South Pacific, Tonga is the only Pacific nation never to have been formally colonized and the region's last monarchy. The capital Nuku'alofa is on Tongatapu, the main island. In January 2022, the massive Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption — one of the most powerful in recorded history — generated tsunamis across the Pacific.
Major cities: Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Haveluloto, Vaini
2024
104K
UN
2050
105K
UN
2100
118K
UN
~2200
1.0M
GPU
~2500
1.0M
GPU
Population104K
Fertility (TFR)3.10
Life expectancy73.1
Median age20.7
Infant mortality8.0 per 1,000
Pop. density145/km²
Urbanization21%
Youth share (0-14)36%
Land area720 km²
LanguageTongan
ReligionChristian
HDI0.769 (#92)
RegionOceania
Latest available year is shown in parentheses where the source series varies across indicators. Governance metrics use World Bank percentile ranks; battle deaths and military spending are context variables, not direct fertility drivers.
UN WPP 2024 — verified data through 2100
| Year | Population | TFR | Life Exp. | CBR | CDR | Net Migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 50K | 6.70 | 48.4 | 43.3 | 18.3 | 0K | 2.5% |
| 1955 | 57K | 6.68 | 54.7 | 44.6 | 13.3 | 0K | 3.1% |
| 1960 | 66K | 6.65 | 58.3 | 44.3 | 10.6 | -0K | 3.4% |
| 1965 | 76K | 6.41 | 60.7 | 41.9 | 9.0 | -0K | 3.3% |
| 1970 | 84K | 6.07 | 63.2 | 38.8 | 7.6 | -1K | 3.1% |
| 1975 | 93K | 5.75 | 65.1 | 35.8 | 6.7 | -0K | 2.9% |
| 1980 | 98K | 5.60 | 66.2 | 36.1 | 6.6 | -3K | 3.0% |
| 1985 | 98K | 5.34 | 66.9 | 34.9 | 6.7 | -3K | 2.8% |
| 1990 | 100K | 4.93 | 67.5 | 33.3 | 6.8 | -2K | 2.6% |
| 1995 | 100K | 4.56 | 68.6 | 31.4 | 6.7 | -2K | 2.5% |
| 2000 | 103K | 4.16 | 69.6 | 29.4 | 6.6 | -2K | 2.3% |
| 2005 | 106K | 4.20 | 70.6 | 30.0 | 6.4 | -2K | 2.4% |
| 2010 | 107K | 3.88 | 71.3 | 28.0 | 6.3 | -2K | 2.2% |
| 2015 | 106K | 3.54 | 71.9 | 25.8 | 6.4 | -3K | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 106K | 3.23 | 72.4 | 23.6 | 6.5 | -2K | 1.7% |
| 2024Now | 104K | 3.10 | 73.1 | 23.0 | 6.4 | -2K | 1.7% |
| 2025 | 104K | 3.07 | 73.2 | 22.8 | 6.5 | -2K | 1.6% |
| 2030 | 102K | 2.91 | 74.0 | 22.3 | 6.6 | -2K | 1.6% |
| 2035 | 102K | 2.77 | 74.8 | 22.7 | 6.7 | -2K | 1.6% |
| 2040 | 103K | 2.65 | 75.6 | 22.1 | 6.8 | -1K | 1.5% |
| 2045 | 104K | 2.54 | 76.4 | 20.6 | 6.8 | -1K | 1.4% |
| 2050 | 105K | 2.45 | 77.2 | 18.6 | 6.9 | -1K | 1.2% |
| 2055 | 106K | 2.37 | 78.0 | 17.2 | 6.9 | -1K | 1.0% |
| 2060 | 107K | 2.30 | 78.7 | 16.6 | 6.9 | -1K | 1.0% |
| 2065 | 109K | 2.23 | 79.4 | 16.2 | 6.9 | -1K | 0.9% |
| 2070 | 111K | 2.18 | 80.0 | 15.6 | 6.8 | -1K | 0.9% |
| 2075 | 113K | 2.13 | 80.6 | 14.6 | 6.8 | -0K | 0.8% |
| 2080 | 115K | 2.07 | 81.1 | 13.5 | 7.0 | -0K | 0.7% |
| 2085 | 116K | 2.03 | 81.7 | 12.6 | 7.5 | -0K | 0.5% |
| 2090 | 117K | 1.99 | 82.3 | 12.1 | 8.3 | -0K | 0.4% |
| 2095 | 118K | 1.96 | 82.9 | 11.8 | 9.3 | -0K | 0.3% |
| 2100 | 118K | 1.93 | 83.5 | 11.6 | 10.1 | -0K | 0.2% |